Die Geschichtswerkstatt Europa fragt zum Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts nach der Zukunft der Erinnerung an den Zweiten Weltkrieg, da mit dem langsamen Ableben der Erlebnisgeneration eine Veränderung in den europäischen Erinnerungskulturen erfolgt. "Der Zeitzeuge", der bisher als scheinbar direkter Berichterstatter für vermeintliche Authentizität stand, legitimiert nicht mehr die kulturelle Praxis des Erinnerns an die Katastrophen des 20. Jahrhundert. Die Vermittlung von Ursachen und Konsequenzen dieser steht vor neuen methodischen, moralischen und didaktischen Herausforderungen.
Daraus ergibt sich die Frage, wie die Nachgeborenen heute kritisch mit den Zeugnissen ganz unterschiedlicher Erlebnisgenerationen umgehen. Wie können sie, ohne die Wahrhaftigkeit dieser Erzählungen anzuzweifeln, die so entstandenen Texte in ihrem selbst geschaffenen Entstehungskontext dechiffrieren und Erzählmuster sowie -strategien erkennen? Wie ist es möglich, Zeitzeugen im Prozess des kritischen Umgangs mit der durch den Forscher und Zeitgenossen selbstgeschaffenen hermeneutischen Situation nicht als "lebendigen Text" sondern als individuellen Menschen wahrzunehmen? Wie kann das Wechselspiel aus Annäherung und Distanzierung im Spannungsfeld von Empathie und Analyse einen Gewinn für die Zeitzeugen und die Fragenden entwickeln?
Um diesen Fragen nachzugehen, stellen verschiedene Projekte der Geschichtswerkstatt Europa unterschiedliche Gruppen von Zeitzeugen in den Mittelpunkt ihres Projektes. Andere Projekte verwenden Oral History Interviews zur zusätzlichen Kontextualisierung ihrer Suchbewegungen. Was Ihnen gemein ist: Sie gehören zu den letzten Projekten, die diese Quelle von Legitimation ihrer Arbeit zur Geschichte des Zweiten Weltkriegs und des Holocaust direkt in Anspruch nehmen können.
[alias] => die-perspektive-der-zeitzeugen [image] => media/themen/Elektrosila Zeitzeugin FA.jpg [title_en] => The perspective of contemporary witnesses [description_en] =>
At the beginning of the 21st century, Geschichtswerkstatt Europa asks about the future of remembrance regarding the Second World War, as changes are occuring in European cultures of memory through the gradual waning away of witnesses taht are able to give a first-hand account. Having called on the implicit authenticity of first-hand reporters, nowadays contemporary wittnesses alone are no longer able to legitimise the cultural practice of remembering the catastrophes of 20th century history. The discussion of reasons and consequences of these confronts us with new methodical, moral and didactical challenges.
How can younger generations critically come to terms with the accounts of different generations, sharing different experiences? How can they look behind the codes, patterns and strategies of accounts within the specific contexts from which they emanated, without questioning their validity as a whole? How is it possible to keep perceiving wittnesses as individuals in their own right within a hermeneutical process that subjects them to critical scrutiny? How can the simultaneous actions of approaching and distancing oneself, while constantly transgressing the borders of empathical proximity and analytical distance, be of gain to both wittnesses and researchers?
In order to follow up on these questions, different projects of Geschichtswerkstatt Europa have put contemporary wittnesses into the focus of their undertakings. Other projects employ the methods of Oral History in order to further contextualise their research. What unites them: they are among the last projects that will be able to call on this source of legitimisation of their dealing with the history of World War Two and the Holocaust.
Als Quelle historischen Wissens erst nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg etabliert, wird heute bereits das Ende der Zeitzeugen debattiert: zentrales Motiv der Diskussion ist dabei der angenommene Verlust eines spezifisch wertvollen Zugangs zur Vergangenheit. Mündlich erfragte Geschichte spielt in den Projekten der Geschichtswerkstatt Europa eine herausgehobene Rolle, erlaubt sie doch eine intensive und unmittelbare Auseinandersetzung junger Europäer mit den Gewalterfahrungen im 20. Jahrhundert und der Erinnerung an diese.
Dies ist nicht möglich, ohne Oral History als Methode, aber auch mit Blick auf die durch sie gewonnenen Erkenntnisse, kritisch anzuwenden: Eine Auseinandersetzung mit der Erinnerung an die Gewalterfahrungen im 20. Jahrhundert muss individuelle wie kollektive, staatlich initiierte wie gesellschaftlich gepflegte Gedächtnisse gleichermaßen berücksichtigen und zu einander in Beziehung setzen.
[alias] => oral-history [image] => media/methoden/Neumark Exkursion Zeitzeugen Gespraech CaroMekelburg.JPG [title_en] => Oral history [description_en] =>Established as a source of historical knowledge only after the Second World War, today the decline of contemporary witnesses is debated. Central to the debate is the presumed loss of a particularly valuable link to history. Oral history is key to the projects of Geschichtswerkstatt Europa, allowing the young Europeans a more intensive and direct engagement with the conflicts of the 20th century and remembrance of them.
This would not be possible without the method of oral history or the ability to critically apply the knowledge gathered in this way. Any discussion of remembrance of the conflicts of the 20th century must take into account both individual and collective memories, those cultivated by the state and society and consider them alongside one another.
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She is currently enrolled as a PH.D. candidate at the same university in the field of history, coordinated by Prof. Toader Nicoara, Ph.D. Her field of expertise include: the history of the Romanian GULag, the onset of Communism in Romania and women in the Romanian GULag. [description_en] => Ilona Diana Drankca was born in 1984 and graduated the faculty of European Studies at Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, with a thesis comparing the GULag experience of Romania, Poland and Hungary. She is currently enrolled as a PH.D. candidate at the same university in the field of history, coordinated by Prof. Toader Nicoara, Ph.D. Her field of expertise include: the history of the Romanian GULag, the onset of Communism in Romania and women in the Romanian GULag. 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Currently I am a PhD student of history and sociology in Poland. My educational background is history and cultural studies. I graduated from Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, History and Cultural Studies department in 2007 and from the Centre for East European Studies of the Warsaw University in 2009. I am interested in urban sociology, urban history as well as the functioning of cultural borderline cities in Central and Eastern Europe in the second half of the 20th century. I am also interested in NGO and other activities which focus on undermining cross-cultural stereotypes. My participation in this project means a lot to me because it gives me the opportunity to follow my personal and professional interest. [description_en] => My name is Yulia Gordeeva and I am from Russia. Currently I am a PhD student of history and sociology in Poland. My educational background is history and cultural studies. I graduated from Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, History and Cultural Studies department in 2007 and from the Centre for East European Studies of the Warsaw University in 2009. I am interested in urban sociology, urban history as well as the functioning of cultural borderline cities in Central and Eastern Europe in the second half of the 20th century. I am also interested in NGO and other activities which focus on undermining cross-cultural stereotypes. My participation in this project means a lot to me because it gives me the opportunity to follow my personal and professional interest. 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His research interests focus on social and cultural theory, memory and identity, nationalism and ethnicity, anti-Semitism, the Holocaust, and problems of Roma communities. He has been teaching first at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, then for several years associated with the Central European University in Prague, Budapest and Warsaw. From 1989 involved in various research and educational projects in the field of Polish-Jewish relations, e.g. co-organizing summer programs for New York University and Brandeis University. At present he is lecturer in sociology at the Warsaw School of Social Sciences and Humanities and at the Centre for Social Studies, jointly operated by Lancaster University and Polish Academy of Sciences. He is a member of the Gypsy Lore Society, Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism, and European Association for Holocaust Studies. He is also a member of the Editorial Board of „Studia Romologica” the first Polish academic journal in Romani Studies, and an expert evaluator of the European Commission. [description_en] => sociologist and social anthropologist. His research interests focus on social and cultural theory, memory and identity, nationalism and ethnicity, anti-Semitism, the Holocaust, and problems of Roma communities. He has been teaching first at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, then for several years associated with the Central European University in Prague, Budapest and Warsaw. From 1989 involved in various research and educational projects in the field of Polish-Jewish relations, e.g. co-organizing summer programs for New York University and Brandeis University. At present he is lecturer in sociology at the Warsaw School of Social Sciences and Humanities and at the Centre for Social Studies, jointly operated by Lancaster University and Polish Academy of Sciences. He is a member of the Gypsy Lore Society, Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism, and European Association for Holocaust Studies. He is also a member of the Editorial Board of „Studia Romologica” the first Polish academic journal in Romani Studies, and an expert evaluator of the European Commission. [officehours] => [room] => [building] => [department] => [joined] => [address2] => [resigned] => [groupselection] => 0 [agreement] => [publications_de] => Nation from the Ashes? The Memory of the Holocaust and Romani Identities (forthcoming); Roma in Auschwitz (2011, co-author); Memory, Space, Identity (2010; editor); The Jews in Poland (1999, editor); Values and Sociological Knowledge (1995). [publications_en] => Nation from the Ashes? The Memory of the Holocaust and Romani Identities (forthcoming); Roma in Auschwitz (2011, co-author); Memory, Space, Identity (2010; editor); The Jews in Poland (1999, editor); Values and Sociological Knowledge (1995). [member_pages] => [avatar] => media/avatars/member_620.jpg [description] => [workscope] => ) [3] => Array ( [id] => 582 [tstamp] => 1366722047 [firstname] => Flaviu Vasile [lastname] => Orastean [dateOfBirth] => [gender] => [company] => [street] => [postal] => [city] => [state] => [country] => [phone] => [mobile] => [fax] => [email] => flaviu.v.o@gmail.com [website] => [language] => [groups] => a:1:{i:0;s:1:"1";} [login] => 1 [username] => flaviuvasile.orastean [password] => 5f46a6535139f5d1ce83d833ba97f094c4100262:a040d0535cad017cc3b2c4e [assignDir] => [homeDir] => [disable] => [start] => [stop] => [loginCount] => 3 [locked] => 0 [session] => a:1:{s:7:"referer";a:2:{s:4:"last";s:39:"/project-details/items/Cluj-Napoca.html";s:7:"current";s:26:"/edit-project-details.html";}} [allowEmail] => email_member [publicFields] => a:8:{i:0;s:9:"firstname";i:1;s:8:"lastname";i:2;s:6:"avatar";i:3;s:5:"title";i:4;s:14:"description_de";i:5;s:14:"description_en";i:6;s:15:"publications_de";i:7;s:15:"publications_en";} [newsletter] => a:1:{i:0;s:0:"";} [activation] => [title] => [description_de] => My name is Flaviu Orăștean. I’ve studied Russian and English Philology at the Babeș-Bolyai University in Cluj- Napoca and hold a master degree in Slavic Culture and Civilisation. I am interested in foreign languages and in multicultural environments. My interest in the subject of our project comes from the fact that I come from a mixed family (Hungarian-Romanian) and as I grew up in Cluj I had the chance to live in a community where despite stereotypes people learned to connect very well on an interpersonal level proving that a sometimes difficult common history can be overcome by taking into consideration what unites them: common places, common memories and the feeling of belonging to the same place of origin. This project is important to me as it is the first of its kind in which I participate and it gives me an opportunity to better understand the soul of my city. [description_en] => My name is Flaviu Orăștean. I’ve studied Russian and English Philology at the Babeș-Bolyai University in Cluj- Napoca and hold a master degree in Slavic Culture and Civilisation. I am interested in foreign languages and in multicultural environments. My interest in the subject of our project comes from the fact that I come from a mixed family (Hungarian-Romanian) and as I grew up in Cluj I had the chance to live in a community where despite stereotypes people learned to connect very well on an interpersonal level proving that a sometimes difficult common history can be overcome by taking into consideration what unites them: common places, common memories and the feeling of belonging to the same place of origin. This project is important to me as it is the first of its kind in which I participate and it gives me an opportunity to better understand the soul of my city. [officehours] => [room] => [building] => [department] => [joined] => [address2] => [resigned] => [groupselection] => 0 [agreement] => [publications_de] => [publications_en] => [member_pages] => a:1:{i:0;i:146;} [avatar] => media/avatars/member_582.jpeg [description] => [workscope] => ) ) ) [tender] => Array ( [label] => Ausschreibung des Projekts [type] => select [raw] => 6 [value] => KRIEG, NACHKRIEG, KALTER KRIEG [ref] => Array ( [1] => Array ( [id] => 6 [pid] => 9 [sorting] => 32 [tstamp] => 1333529680 [title_de] => KRIEG, NACHKRIEG, KALTER KRIEG [alias] => krieg-nachkrieg-kalter-krieg [description_de] =>
ERINNERUNGEN AN DEN ZWEITEN WELTKRIEG IM ZEICHEN DES NEUANFANGS (1945 BIS 1960)
Der Zweite Weltkrieg und der aus ihm hervorgehende Kalte Krieg führten zu einer nachhaltigen Spaltung Europas. Diese zeigt sich bis heute in den stark unterschiedlichen Erinnerungskulturen der europäischen Gesellschaften. Die Geschichtswerkstatt Europa 2012 fördert Projekte die das Nachwirken des Zweiten Weltkriegs in den europäischen Gesellschaften in den ersten 15 Jahren nach Kriegsende untersuchen. Die internationalen Projekte sollen damit einen Beitrag zum Verständnis der Formierungsphase europäischer Erinnerungskulturen leisten.
Die Projekte sollen auf einem von drei Themenfeldern angesiedelt sein, die den Umgang mit den Erinnerungen an die Kriegszeit in der Nachkriegszeit besonders prägen: Rückkehr, Transfer und Geschichtspolitik.
REMEMBRANCES OF WORLD WAR II AND THE NEW BEGINNING OF THE POST-WAR YEARS (1945–1960)
The Second World War and subsequently the Cold War led Europe into a state of enduring division. Evidence of this can be seen today in the greatly differing cultures of memory and remembrance in European societies. In the programme year 2012, Geschichtswerkstatt Europa funds projects that examine the after effects of the Second World War on European societies in the first 15 post-war years. These international projects should make a contribution to our understanding of the formative years of European cultures of remembrance.
The projects should consider one of three topic areas – each of which particularly highlights the different practises of remembrance of the war in the post war years: going back, exchange and the politics of history.
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Diversity of remembrances ) [description_de] => Array ( [label] => Beschreibung des Projektes, deutsch [type] => longtext [raw] => Die Schwerpunkte des Projektes „Cluj-Napoca zwischen 1936 und 1960. Vielfalt der Erinnerung“ liegen im Gespräch mit Menschen, die die Nachkriegszeit in Cluj erinnern und in der Zusammenführung dieser Erinnerungen, um die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede aufzuzeigen und die Wurzeln der unterschiedlichen Weisen des Erinnerns von verschiedenen Gruppen der Cluj-Bewohner zu verstehen: Rumänen, Ungarn, Juden und Roma. Der Zweite Weltkrieg und die unmittelbare Nachkriegszeit war für jede Nationalität, die zu dieser Zeit in Cluj lebte, aus unterschiedlichen Gründen und in verschiedenen Weisen traumatisierend. Dieses Phänomen, das sich hier am Beispiel von Cluj zeigt, lässt sich auch an anderen Orten Polens, der Tschechoslowakei und der Sowjetunion erkennen. Wir möchten die Erinnerungen von Zeitzeugen sammeln und sie einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit vorstellen. Dies mag helfen die negativen Stereotype, die in der Stadt bis heute vorhanden sind, zu überkommen. [value] => Die Schwerpunkte des Projektes „Cluj-Napoca zwischen 1936 und 1960. Vielfalt der Erinnerung“ liegen im Gespräch mit Menschen, die die Nachkriegszeit in Cluj erinnern und in der Zusammenführung dieser Erinnerungen, um die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede aufzuzeigen und die Wurzeln der unterschiedlichen Weisen des Erinnerns von verschiedenen Gruppen der Cluj-Bewohner zu verstehen: Rumänen, Ungarn, Juden und Roma. Der Zweite Weltkrieg und die unmittelbare Nachkriegszeit war für jede Nationalität, die zu dieser Zeit in Cluj lebte, aus unterschiedlichen Gründen und in verschiedenen Weisen traumatisierend. Dieses Phänomen, das sich hier am Beispiel von Cluj zeigt, lässt sich auch an anderen Orten Polens, der Tschechoslowakei und der Sowjetunion erkennen. Wir möchten die Erinnerungen von Zeitzeugen sammeln und sie einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit vorstellen. Dies mag helfen die negativen Stereotype, die in der Stadt bis heute vorhanden sind, zu überkommen. ) [description_en] => Array ( [label] => Beschreibung des Projektes, englisch [type] => longtext [raw] => The main focus of the project „Cluj-Napoca between 1939-1960. Diversity of Remembrances” is to discuss with people who remember the after-war Cluj and to gather their memories in order to show the similarities and to understand the roots of the differences in the remembrances of different groups of the citу’s inhabitants: Romanians, Hungarian, Jews, Roma. World War II and the period that followed were traumatizing for each of the nationalities that lived in Cluj in different ways and for different reasons. The processes affecting Cluj in this period are a good example of similar phenomena in Eastern and Central Europe in that period. Similar processes occurred in Poland, Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union. We would like to collect memories from people who were contemporary to those events and present them to the wide public. This will help overcome the mutual negative stereotypes still present in the city. [value] => The main focus of the project „Cluj-Napoca between 1939-1960. Diversity of Remembrances” is to discuss with people who remember the after-war Cluj and to gather their memories in order to show the similarities and to understand the roots of the differences in the remembrances of different groups of the citу’s inhabitants: Romanians, Hungarian, Jews, Roma. World War II and the period that followed were traumatizing for each of the nationalities that lived in Cluj in different ways and for different reasons. The processes affecting Cluj in this period are a good example of similar phenomena in Eastern and Central Europe in that period. Similar processes occurred in Poland, Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union. 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Cluj-Napoca zwischen 1939-1960. Vielfalt der Erinnerung
Die Schwerpunkte des Projektes „Cluj-Napoca zwischen 1936 und 1960. Vielfalt der Erinnerung“ liegen im Gespräch mit Menschen, die die Nachkriegszeit in Cluj erinnern und in der Zusammenführung dieser Erinnerungen, um die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede aufzuzeigen und die Wurzeln der unterschiedlichen Weisen des Erinnerns von verschiedenen Gruppen der Cluj-Bewohner zu verstehen: Rumänen, Ungarn, Juden und Roma. Der Zweite Weltkrieg und die unmittelbare Nachkriegszeit war für jede Nationalität, die zu dieser Zeit in Cluj lebte, aus unterschiedlichen Gründen und in verschiedenen Weisen traumatisierend. Dieses Phänomen, das sich hier am Beispiel von Cluj zeigt, lässt sich auch an anderen Orten Polens, der Tschechoslowakei und der Sowjetunion erkennen. Wir möchten die Erinnerungen von Zeitzeugen sammeln und sie einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit vorstellen. Dies mag helfen die negativen Stereotype, die in der Stadt bis heute vorhanden sind, zu überkommen.
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